Gray Iron Casting Supplier in China

Grey Cast Iron that contains flake-like graphite, and its name varies depending on the base structure. The name “gray” comes from the fact that the fracture surface is gray, or mouse-colored.

Gray cast iron, with flake graphite as its core feature, has excellent shock absorption, wear resistance, and processing performance, and is widely used in pressure bearing components such as automotive cylinder blocks and machine tool bases. Its eutectic structure provides high compressive strength (200-400MPa) and thermal conductivity, but low toughness. The casting process optimizes the graphite morphology by controlling the silicon to carbon ratio, and achieves mass production of complex thin-walled parts through sand/metal casting. The cost is 40% -60% lower than forging, but the cooling rate needs to be controlled to avoid white defects. Suitable for static high load scenarios, replacing some steel components to reduce system energy consumption.

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Why Gray Iron Casting is Ideal for Engine Blocks and Machine Bases

Excellent shock absorption performance:

Flake graphite absorbs vibration energy, reduces noise by more than 30%, and ensures the smooth operation of equipment.

Outstanding thermal conductivity and heat resistance:

Graphite network quickly conducts heat, with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (about 11 × 10 ⁻⁶/℃), and deformation at high temperatures is only one-third of that of cast steel.

Economic and molding advantages:

Good fluidity, capable of casting thin-walled complex structures (such as cylinder water channels) without heat treatment, with a cost 25% -40% lower than ductile iron.

High wear resistance, compression resistance, and adaptability:

Graphite self-lubricating reduces wear, with a compressive strength of up to 400MPa, extending equipment life to over 100000 hours.

Excellent processing performance:

Low cutting resistance, high surface smoothness, suitable for precision machining needs.

Thermal Conductivity Applications of Gray Cast Iron Parts

Gray cast iron, due to its unique flake graphite structure, has excellent thermal conductivity and is widely used in industrial scenarios that require efficient heat conduction.

In automobile manufacturing, gray cast iron engine cylinder blocks and cylinder heads utilize their thermal conductivity to achieve uniform heat dissipation and prevent metal fatigue caused by local overheating;

The machine tool bed maintains the dimensional stability of the equipment by rapidly conducting cutting heat;

In the braking system, gray cast iron brake discs improve braking efficiency and durability through rapid heat dissipation.

In the field of cookware, traditional cast iron pots rely on their uniform thermal conductivity to achieve stable heating.

In addition, gray cast iron is commonly used to manufacture high-temperature components such as heat exchanger shells and metallurgical molds. Its thermal conductivity can ensure effective heat transfer, buffer thermal stress, and extend the service life of components. It is the preferred material in thermal equipment that combines economy and functionality.

Thermal Conductivity Applications of Gray Cast Iron Parts

Grey Cast Iron Composition (Microstructure)

The main components of gray cast iron are iron (Fe) and carbon (C), but it also contains silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S). Below is main chermical compostion:

Iron (Fe): 80%+ (The main component of gray iron, providing the matrix structure of the material)
Carbon (C): 2.5 % ~ 4.0% (The carbon content significantly affects the performance of grey iron, Carbon exists in the form of graphite, influencing the material’s strength and hardness)
Silicon (Si): 1.0% ~ 3.0 % (Improves castability and heat resistance)
Manganese (Mn): 0.25% ~ 1.0% (Enhances strength and wear resistance)
Phosphorus (P): 0.05% ~ 0.5% (Improves fluidity and machinability)
Sulfur (S): 0.02% ~ 0.2% (Decreases fluidity and strength, increases brittleness)

Grey Iron Mechanical Properties

Tensile Strength σb (MPa): 100 ~ 250 MPa (If treated with inoculation, the tensile strength can reach 250 ~ 400 MPa)
Yield Strength σs (MPa): 150 ~ 300 MPa
Conditional Yield Strength σ0.2 (MPa): 100 ~ 250 MPa
Elongation δ (%): 0.3 ~ 0.8%
Brinell Hardness (HBS100/3000): 170 ~ 300 HB

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